Suppressing PERK Improves Memory in Mice
There is a fair amount of work taking place these days on ways to manipulate the efficiency of memory processes:
The brain's process of formulating memory is linked to the synthesis of proteins; high rates of protein production will lead to a strong memory that is retained over the long term, while a slow rate of protein production leads to weak memories that are less likely to be impressed on a person's long-term memory and thus forgotten. [Researchers] sought to examine the activity of a protein called elF2 alpha, a protein that's known as the "spigot" or regulator that determines the pace of protein synthesis in the brain during memory formation.From earlier studies the researchers knew that there are three main molecules that act on the protein and either make it work, or stop it from working. During the first stage they sought to determine the relative importance and the task of each one of the molecules that control the activity of efF2 alpha and as a result, the ability to create memories. After doing tests at the tissue and cell levels, the researchers discovered that the main molecule controlling the efF2 alpha's activity was the PERK molecule. "The fact that we identified the PERK as the primary controller had particular significance. Firstly, of course, we had identified the dominant component. Secondly, from previous studies we already knew that in generative diseases like Alzheimer's, PERK performs deficiently. Third, PERK acts on various cells, including neurons, as a monitor and controller of metabolic stress."
After paralyzing PERK's activity or reducing its expression through gene therapy the researchers measured a 30% increase in the memory of either positive or negative experiences. The rats also demonstrated improved long-term memory and enhanced behavioral plasticity, becoming better able to "forget" a bad experience. "With this study we proved that we are capable of strengthening the process of protein synthesis in the brain and of creating stronger memories that last a long time. We have paved the way for the possible development of drugs that can slow the progress of incurable diseases like degenerative brain conditions, Alzheimer's chief among them."