Reviewing What is Known of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging
Age-related decline in stem cell function is an important contributing cause of aging, and cellular senescence in stem cell populations and their supporting cells is a feature of this process. Mesenchymal stem cells are a well studied population that is not only relevant to tissue function but also widely used as a basis for stem cell treatments. These therapies also face challenges due to declining cell function and the onset of cellular senescence, occurring when stem cells are cultured and expanded for use in therapy.
Aging is a multifaceted and complicated process, manifested by a decline of normal physiological functions across tissues and organs, leading to overt frailty, mortality, and chronic diseases, such as skeletal, cardiovascular, and cognitive disorders, necessitating the development of practical therapeutic approaches.
Stem cell aging is one of the leading theories of organismal aging. For decades, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been regarded as a viable and ideal source for stem cell-based therapy in anti-aging treatment due to their outstanding clinical characteristics, including easy accessibility, simplicity of isolation, self-renewal, and proliferation ability, multilineage differentiation potentials, and immunomodulatory effects. Nonetheless, as evidenced in numerous studies, MSCs undergo functional deterioration and gradually lose stemness with systematic age in vivo or extended culture in vitro, limiting their therapeutic applications.
Even though our understanding of the processes behind MSC senescence remains unclear, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the aspects of the age-related MSC phenotypic changes and possible mechanisms driving MSC senescence. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of the morphological, biological, and stem-cell marker alterations of aging MSCs, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie MSC senescence, the recent progress made regarding the innovative techniques to rejuvenate senescent MSCs and combat aging, with a particular focus on the interplay between aging MSCs and their niche as well as clinical translational relevance. Also, we provide some promising and novel directions for future research concerning MSC senescence.
"These therapies also face challenges due to declining cell function and the onset of cellular senescence." Just to be clear, Reason, am I right in assuming you still don't believe in people cryogenically freezing stem cells at a younger age for use in future therapies?
@Kel: The problems noted there are those that occur during cell culture, while expanding cells. Yes, I continue to think that cell banking is fairly silly. Either technology doesn't advance, in which case there isn't much you can do with the stored cells, or it does advance, which means that old cells can be made useful and thus stored cells are pointless.